215 MARINE MYCOLOGY (MASC 215) (6). Prerequisite, Biology 115. Structure, development, systematics, and ecology of marine fungi. Seven and one-half lecture and fifteen laboratory or field hours a week. Summers, given on demand at the Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City. Kohlmeyer.

225 EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (Neurobiology 225) (3). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. Six or more laboratory hours a week. (On occasion.) Staff (Neurobiology).

231 PRINCIPLES OF ANGIOSPERM SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY (3). Prerequisite, Biology 103. A survey of the history, literature, and basic principles of systematics including revisionary studies and the phylogeny and classification of flowering plants. Spring. (Alternate years.)

231L PRINCIPLES OF ANGIOSPERM SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY LABORATORY (2). Prerequisite, Biology 103. Application of various types of evidence relating to the description, classification, and nomenclature of selected groups of phylogenetic significance. Individual and group term projects required. Spring. (Alternate years.)

233 PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF FLOWERING PLANTS (3). Prerequisite, Biology 112. Comparative study of modern systems of classification based upon morphological and phylogenetic considerations. Three lecture or report hours a week. Spring. (Alternate years.)

247 FIELD PLANT GEOGRAPHY (2). Prerequisites, Biology 142 or 143 and permission of instructor. Intensive literature and field study of the plant geography and ecology of a selected region. Weekly seminar-style discussion followed by approximately nine days' field experience. May be repeated for credit. Spring. (Alternate years.) Peet.

250 SPECIAL SEMINAR (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. Consideration of special topics in biology. May be repeated for credit. Fall or spring (as occasion demands). Staff.

251 GRADUATE SEMINAR IN BIOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, graduate standing or permission of instructor. A course to provide public lecture experience to advanced biology students. Students present individual research seminars based upon their dissertation projects. Lectures are critiqued by fellow students and biology faculty. Required of all candidates for the degree in biology. Fall and spring. Staff.

252 SEMINAR IN INSECT PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND ENDOCRINOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Current topics and discussion in insect physiology, biochemistry, and endocrinology. Fall and spring. Bollenbacher, Gilbert.

253 SEMINAR IN EMBRYOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, Biology 52 or permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Fall or spring. Bautch, Harris.

254 SEMINAR IN CELL BIOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, Biology 52 or permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Fall or spring. Bloom, Harris, Misch, Salmon.

255 SEMINAR IN ECOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, Biology 54 or permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Fall and spring. Peet, Reice, Stiven, White.

256 SEMINAR IN INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, Biology 105 or permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Fall or spring. Kier, Lohmann, Podolsky.

257 SEMINAR IN VERTEBRATE EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Fall or spring. Feduccia.

258 SEMINAR IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, Biology 132 or permission of instructor. Advanced topics in evolutionary biology. Spring. Pfennig, Vision, Kingsolver & Podolsky.

259 SEMINAR IN COMPARATIVE ANIMAL BEHAVIOR (Neurobiology 259) (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Fall or spring. Lohmann, Wiley.

260 SEMINAR IN COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY (Neurobiology 260) (2). Prerequisite, Biology 120 or permission of the instructor. Fall or spring. Staff.

264 SEMINAR IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, Biology 50 or permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Fall or spring. Bautch, Bloom, Stafford.

265 SEMINAR IN MARINE BIOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Fall or spring. Kier, Podolsky.

266 SEMINAR IN NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Fall or spring. Lohmann, staff of Neurobiology Curriculum.

267 SEMINAR IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor or research director. Fall and spring. Matthysse, Scott.

268 SEMINAR IN CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor or research director. Fall and spring. Gilbert.

269 SEMINAR IN PLANT SYSTEMATICS (2). Prerequisite, permission of instructor or research director. Fall and spring. Gensel, Parks, Massey.

270 SEMINAR IN GENETICS (Genetics 270) (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Fall and spring. Bautch, Maroni, Petes, Peifer, Pukkila, Searles, Sekelsky.

271 SEMINAR IN PLANT MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY (2). Prerequisite, permission of research director. Fall and spring. Gensel.

272 SEMINAR IN PLANT MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. May be repeated for credit. Current and significant problems in plant molecular and cell biology are discussed in a seminar format. Fall or spring. Jones.

275 GENETICS SYSTEMS (Genetics 275, Microbiology 275, Biochemistry 275) (1). A course to provide public lecture experience to advanced genetics students. Students present personal research seminars based on their individual dissertation projects. Lectures are privately critiqued by fellow students and genetics faculty. Required of all candidates for the degree in genetics. Fall and spring. Genetics faculty.

282 PALYNOLOGY (5). Prerequisite, consent of the instructor. A consideration of various aspects of palynology, including the morphology, structure, development, systematics, evolution, preparation techniques, and analysis of living and fossil pollen grains, spores, and other palynomorphs. Two lecture and six laboratory hours a week. Fall or spring. (Alternate years.) Gensel.

290 SEMINAR IN NEUROBIOLOGY (Biochemistry, Neurobiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, and Physiology 290) (3). Prerequisite, permission of the director of the Neurobiology Curriculum. An intensive consideration of selected topics and problems in neurobiology. The course focuses on the development of presentation and evaluation skills of the trainees. Six credit hours required for neurobiology graduates. Spring. Faculty of the Neurobiology Curriculum.

295 RESEARCH CONCEPTS (Microbiology 295) (2). No prerequisite. Course is designed to provide skills associated with being a scientist. Areas of focus: (1) productive lines of investigation, (2) experiment design, (3) protocol evaluation, (4) proposal writing, and (5) data presentation. Fall or spring. Bloom, Jones, Edgell, Griffith, Carter.

299 INTRODUCTION TO GRADUATE RESEARCH (Var.). Graduate research for six weeks in two laboratories. Designed primarily to acquaint first-year students with research techniques and to assess their propensity for research. Arranged by mutual agreement of students and faculty members during fall orientation. May be repeated once for credit. Six to nine hours per week. Fall and spring. Staff.

301 RESEARCH IN ECOLOGY (2 or more). Peet, Reice, Stiven, White, Wiley.

302 RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY (Neurobiology 310; Biochemistry, Pathology, Pharmacology, and Physiology 310) (2 or more). Bollenbacher, Gilbert, Wiley, and faculty of the Neurobiology Curriculum.

303 RESEARCH IN ETHOLOGY AND ANIMAL BEHAVIOR (2 or more). Kier, Lohmann, Wiley.

304 RESEARCH IN EMBRYOLOGY (2 or more). Gilbert, Harris, Bautch.

305 RESEARCH IN GENETICS (Genetics 305) (2 or more). Barry, Bautch, Maroni, Matthysse, Matson, Petes, Pukkila, Searles, Sekelsky.

306 RESEARCH IN MARINE SCIENCES (Marine Sciences curriculum 300) (2 or more). Kier, Lohmann.

307 RESEARCH IN MARINE SCIENCES ON MOLLUSCA, CRUSTACEA, ICHTHYOLOGY, OR OCEANOGRAPHY (at the Institute for Marine Science, Morehead City) (2 or more). Approval by the Department of Biology required. Chestnut, Fahy, Peterson, Schwartz.

308 RESEARCH IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2 or more). Bloom, Bautch, Gilbert, Stafford.

309 RESEARCH IN PHYSIOLOGY: CELLULAR, COMPARATIVE, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (2 or more). Bollenbacher, Kier, Lohmann, Salmon.

310 RESEARCH IN VERTEBRATE OR INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY (2 or more). Feduccia, Kier, Lohmann.

311 RESEARCH IN MYCOLOGY (2 or more). Fall and spring. Staff.

313 RESEARCH IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2 or more). Fall and spring. Matthysse.

314 RESEARCH IN PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2 or more). Fall and spring. Dangl, Reed.

316 RESEARCH IN PLANT SYSTEMATICS (2 or more). Fall and spring. Parks.

317 RESEARCH IN PLANT MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY (2 or more). Fall and spring. Gensel.

318 RESEARCH IN PALEOBOTANY (2 or more). Fall and spring. Gensel.